Amino acids are the smallest building blocks of a protein. Proteins are "essential building blocks of life". But amino acids also fulfill independent functional tasks.
A distinction is made between essential and non-essential amino acids:
- Essential amino acids: must be supplied through food - an undersupply cannot be compensated
- Non-essential amino acids: can be formed in the organism by consuming essential amino acids
Essential
- isoleucine (VK)
- leucine (VK)
- lysine
- Methionine (SH)
- Phenylalanine (AAS)
- Threonine
- Tryptophan (AAS)
- Valine (VK)
Semi-Essential
- arginine
- Histidine (AAS)
- cystine/cysteine (SH)
- Tyrosine
Non-Essential
- Alanine
- aspartic acid/
asparagine - Glutamine
- asparagine
- glutamic acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine (glycine)
- serine
- proline
- Ornithine
- taurine
- Hydroxyproline
- citrulline
- 3-methylhistidine
- L-Theanine
- Glutamine
- Glycine (glycine)
- serine
- proline
- Ornithine
- taurine
- Hydroxyproline
- citrulline
- 3-methylhistidine
- L-Theanine
- and much more
Amino acids have three central tasks in our body:
- Structural tasks (anabolic function), i.e. the construction of proteins ("proteinogenicity")
- Energy production (catabolic function)
- Providing Sulfur
Proteins can be classified into the following 7 main functional groups:
structural proteins |
Skeleton of the organism |
collagen, hair, nails, |
Contractile proteins |
Components of the muscles |
myosin, actin |
Enzymes |
catalysis of many biochemical reactions, |
amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin, |
transport and |
Transportation of important molecules |
hemoglobin, plasma albumins, Ca-binding |
regulatory proteins |
Control and coordination of chemical |
Hormones (e.g. insulin, oxytocin, insulin, glucagon |
protective proteins |
Storage of substances |
Blood coagulation (thrombin, fibrin, fibrinogen) |
control proteins |
Regulation of various processes |
Correct reading of DNS |
The intake of (digestible) proteins takes place through food. By means of eenzymatic hydrolysis, the amino acids are released from the natural food proteins, which represent a mixture of amino acids.
The released amino acids are then available for the anabolic (constructive, conversion in the organism into endogenous protein) and catabolic metabolism (energy, nitrogen).
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